Skip to main content

CLASS 10 ECONOMICS SECTORS OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY NCERT INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS [ GOLDEN REFERENCE BOOK ]

By POWERED BY QNA

CLASS 10 ECONOMICS


SECTORS OF THE INDIAN ECONOMY


NCERT INTEXT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS


[ GOLDEN REFERENCE BOOK ]



— Further the governmc"it is also responsible to make and announce policies for the benefit Of the people so that big industries are set up. This helps the economy of the grow further. such as: B.H.E.I., N.T.P.C, steel Plants. etc. Moreover, government also builds darns. power houses, nuclear stations etc. for the generation of electricity so that its people get it at cheaper rate. Question • Is it necessary to have the public Substantiate your by examining role Of Government. (CBSE 2015) Q. 5.5. What are the responsibilities Of the government towards its citizens? Ans. Following are the responsibilities of the government towards its citizens: — The Government in India buys wheat and riee from farmers at a 'fair price'. The government Stores this in its go-downs and sell at a lower price to eonsumers through ration shops. The government has to bear some Of the cost. In this way, the government Supports both farmers and consumers. There are a large number Of activities which are the primary responsibility Of the government. The government must provide health and education facilities to all. — Running proper schools and providing quality education, particularly elementary education, engineering colleges, medical colleges, universities, etc., is the duty of the government. - Similarly, we know that nearly half Of India's children are malnourished and a quarter Of them are critically ill. The government should help them. Government also needs to pay attention to aspects of human development such as availability of safe drinking water, housing facilities for the poor and food and nutrition. — It is also the duty Of the government to take care of the poorest and most ignored regions of the country through increased spending in such areas. IV. åUESTlONS page 21 Please refer Table 2.1 at page no. 21 of NCERT. Q. l. Complete the above table to show how sectors are dependent on each Ans. Second blank column: This is an example which indicates that Primary sector is dependent on secondary sectors. This is because cotton purchase Of the industries is cultivated by farmers Who belong to primary sector. If the demands for cotton reduces, farmers will be impacted by lack of demand from industry. Third blank Column: This example shows that farmers depend on the prices Of fertilizers, tractors, pumpsets etc. Primary sector is dependent on secondary sector in the sense that higher price of input to farmers will reduce their profit.

 

Fourth blank column: This example shows that both primary and secondary sectors depend on tertiary sector. Transport services come under tertiary sector which helps both primary and secondary sector to transport goods from one place to another place. Q. 2. Explain the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary sectors using examples other than those mentioned in the text. Explain the three sectors of economic activities with the help of examples. (CBSE 2011) Ans. Distinction between primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sectors: points of Distinction Primary Sector Meaning Compon en Exa mples Dominance Employment Dependency Technology Primary Sector works on natural process and there is least of human intervention in the production process. Agriculture. mining, poultry, fishing etc. Un d e rdeveloped economy Majority unskilled labour On natural factors like agriculture depends on Generally less techno- logical advanced Secondary Sector I n this sector. the prcx•ess Of place to convert the raw input into finished goods, Manufacturing industries like Auto, Textile, steel plant* etc. Dev eloping Both skilled and unskilled Depends on the Of primary sector which provides inputs to secondary sector. Small seale industrieg are less technological odvanced while large scale industries are highly advanced. •re.•tiarf Sectar Tertiary sector is with impar• ting services to hoth primary and seeondary sectors. Services like trans- portation, banking. insurance, communi- cations etc. Developed economy Highly Skilled and educated workforce in the particular area like banking, insurance etc. Dependg performance of both and Most of the service sectors " are highly impacted by the infor- mation technology like internet banking etc. Q. 3. Classify the following list of occupations under primary, secondary and tertiary sectors: • Tailor • Basket weaver • Flo•.ver cultivator • Milk vendor • Fishermen • Courier Workers in match factory Mon lender Gardener pot Bee keeper Astronaut Call centre employee. Ans• Primary sectors: Flower cultivator, fisherman, gardener and bee-keeper. Secondary sectors: Tailor, basket weaver, workers in match factory, potter etc. Tertiary sectors: Milk vendor, priest. courier, moneylender, astronaut, call centre e mployee.

 

4. Students in are primary Secondary or and senior. What is the criterion that is used? Do you think this is useful classification? Discuss. Ans. The criterion used in the schools for classification of primary, secondary or juniöé and senior is as follows: (i) Students from first class to fifth class belong to primary level. (ii) Students from sixth class to tenth class belong to secondary level, Yes, we think that this criterion is useful in term of classifying the maturity level of the students on the basisof which the teaching staff and other facilities can be provided. Primary level students need more attention of the teachers and they should be given opportunity to engage in extra curricular activities. On the other hand, secondary level students are more mature and they need guidance from teachers to undertake study Of various subjects. Page 23 Q. I. What does the history Of developed countries indicate about the shifts that have taken place between sectors? (HOTS Question) Explain how a shift has taken place between sectors in developed countries. (CBSE 2011) Ans. The following points provide perspective of the historical changes in Sector; I' It has been noted from the histories of' many, now developed, countries that at initial stages of development, primary sector was the most importantsector of economic activity. 2. As the methods Of farming changed and agriculture sector began to prosper, it produced much more food than before. Many people could now take up other activities. 3. There were increasing number of craft persons and traders. Buying and selling activities increased many times. Besides, there were also transporters, administrators, army etc, 4. Over a long time (more than hundred years), and especially because new methods Of manufacturing were introduced, factories came up and started expanding. Those people who had earlier worked on farms now began to work in factories in large numbers. 5. People began to use manymore goods that were produced in factoriesat cheap 6. Secondary sector gradually became the most important in total production and employment. 7, Over time, a shift had taken place. This means that the importance of the sectors had changed, 8. In the past 100 years, there has been a further shift from secondary to tertiary sector in developed countries. The service sector has become the most important in terms of total production. Most of the working people are also employed in the service sector. This is the general pattern observed in developed countries.

 

Q. 2. Correct and arrange the important aspects for calculating GDP from this Jumble. To count goods and Serriees we add the numbers that are produced. We count all those that were produced in the last five years. Since wc shouldn't leaveå:.ut anything u.'e add up all these gornds and wrvices. Ans. TO count goods and services we add the numbers that are produced. Since we should not leave out anything, we add up all these goods and services. We count all those that was produced in the last five years. page 24 Q. 1. Answer the following questions by looking at the graph I on page no. 24 of NCERT textbook. . Which was the largest producing sector in 1973-74? 2. Which is the largest pr»dueing sector in 2013-14? Can you say which sector has grown the most over forty years? What was the GDP ot- India in 2013•14? 4. Primary Sector. 2. Tertiary Sector. 3. We can say that the tertiary sector has grown over forty years. 4. The GDP Of India in 2013—14 was slightly more than crores. Page 27 Q. I. Complete the table using the data given in Graphs 2 and 3 at page no. 25 Of NCERT textbook and answer the question that follows: Share of Primary Sector in GDP and Employment 1973-74 L 2011-12 Share in GDP Share in employment What are the changes that you Observe in the primary sector Over a span Of forty years? 1972-73 1973-74 2011-12 Share in GDP Share in Employment Prinary Terti•ry primary Sercod•ry Tertiary primary Tertian Primary Scoodary Tertiary 27T We have observed the following changes in the primary sector over the past thirty (i) (a) The share of primary sector in GDP has decreased.

 

'SECTORS THE INDIAN ECONOMY (b) The share of secondary sector and GDP has marginally increased. (c) The share Of tertiary sector in GDP has tremendously im•reaged. (ii) The share of employment in primary sector has decreased while it has increased in secondary and tertiary goetor, Q. 2. the Underemployment occurs when people do not want t. work; (ii) are working in a lazy manner; (iii) are working less than what they are capablé of doing; (it') are not paid for their work. Ans. (iii) Working less than what they are capable of doing. Q. a. Compare and contrast the changes in India with the pattern that Was observed for developed countries. What kind Of changes between sectors were desired but did not happen in India? (Value Based Question) Ans. The changes in India with regard to shift in employment from one sector to another has been different in term Of the changes which happened in developed countries. In the ease Of dcweloped countries, the higher number of people were employed in primary sector in the initial stage. Later on, the employment shifted to secondary sector and then to tertiary sector as the economy developed. Hence. the shift has been on the expected line for the developed countries. In the case Of India also, the employmentshift happened from primary to secondary and then to tertiary sector. However, secondary sector could not absorb high number of people. Today, the situation is that the tertiary sector employs more people than secondary sector. It was desired that the change should have happened from primary to Secondary and then to tertiary Sector. But actually, it happened like primary to tertiary and then to secondary sector. This means that the industrial growth in India has been slow which could not absorb the unemployed people. On the other hand, developed countries have higher industrial growth due to which they absorb the maximum working population. Q. 4. Why should we be worried about underemployment? Ans• We should be worried about underemployment because a worker do not get full employment what he is able to do: — So he gets less income. — Man-hour loss to nation. — He has less money to spend on his family on food and education. page 29 Q. 1. Why do you think MGNREGA 2005 is referred to as 'Right to work? Ans. See Q, 3,3.5, page no. D-49. Q. 2. Imagine that you are the village head. In that capacity suggest some activities that you think should be taken up under this Act that would also increase the income of people? Discuss. Ans. As a village head we Will suggest the following activities related with NREGA: (i) The loan facilities to the farmers should be provided to keep them employed.

 

GOLDEN SOCIAL (ii) The construction activities in the village will be increased to provide employment to the villagers, These construction activities may be related to small dams. brick covered streets, to deepen the village EH)nds etc. Q. g. How would income and employment increase if farmers were provided with irrigation and marketing facilities? Ans. Irrigation and marketing facilities provided to the farmers will increase the income and employment in the following u.•ay.• (i) Farmer has not to depend upon rain. so more crops. (ii' nu•ough better irrigation facilities the COSt of cultivation of crops will decrease by eliminating crop losses and waste due to lack of water. This will increase the income of the fanners. (iii) Through better marketing facilities. farmers can sell crops to different areas of the country. This will increase the demand Of the product and income of the farmers. Q. 4. In what ways can employment be increased in urban areas? or Suggest any three ways to create more employment avenues in urban (CBSE 2011) Ans. In the following ways employment can be increased in urban areas: (i) Creating heavy investment: Heavy investment helps in providing employment to large number Of urban unemployed. Heavy investment also improves the infrastructure Of the urban area in terms Of dams, bridges, roads, etc. Heavy industries can also be made. (ii) Improvement in educational system: Setting up schools and colleges in the urban area Will enhance the employment. It also improves the quality Of human resources. (iii)Providing loan: Loans should be provided to the people Who want to start their own business. This helps in creating employment opportunities for the urban people. (it') Means Of transport and communication: Improvement in the means Of transport and communication provides an opportunity to create more employment in urban Page 31 Q. Look at the following examples. Which Of these are unorganised sector activities? t i ) A teacher taking Classes in a A headload worker carrying a bag of cement on his back in a market (iii) A farmer irrigating her field (ivy A doctor in a hospital treating a patient (v) A daily wage labourer working under a Contractor A factory worker going to work in a big factory (Uii) A handloom weaver working in her house. Ans. (ii), (iii), Wii) are unorganised sector activities.

 

Q. 2. Talk to someone Who hos a regular job in the organised sector and another Who works in the unorganised Sector. Compare and contrast their working conditions in all Ans. We talked to one person named Mr. Vikram working in organised sector and came to know the following points regarding the working conditions: (i) He is paid regular salary along with provident fund, gratuity, etc. (ii) He is provided 27 days paid leave in a year, including sick leave. He is provided with group medical insurance for himselfand his dependent parents. (it') He has fixed working hours and is paid overtime whenever he works more than expected number Of hours. We talked to Shyam Lal working in unorganised sector and come to know Of the following points: (i) He is not paid regular salary. He has job security. He is not provided paid leave and his wages are deducted whenever he takes leave even for his sickness. (iii) He is not provided With any medical insurance neither for himself nor for his family. (it') He has no fixed working hours and no over time is paid whenever he works more than the normal hours. At last, we came to a conclusion that the condition Of Mr. Vikram is better than that Of Mr. Shyam Lal in all aspects. Q. 3. How would you distinguish between organised and unorganised sectors? Explain in your own words. Ans. Distinction between Organised Sector and Unorganised Sector* _of Distinction I. Meaning 2. Rules and Regulations 3. Nature of work 4. Examples m Organised Organised sector covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms Of employment are regular and people have assured work. In this sector, employees and workers have to follow the rules and regulations made by the governme nt. There is regular and assured work and employee cannot be fired without any specifie reason. A teacher in school, n doctor in hospital, a laetory worker. VSÜnOrgani"d Sector The unorganised Sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely Outside the control Of government and have irregular and unassured work. In this sector. there are no rules and regulations or very less rules are followed. This sector has unsecured work and employee can be without any reason. A daily wage Inbouror, a head load worker. a handloom weaver, etc. Q• 4• The following table shows the estimated number Of workers in India in the organised and unorganised sectors. Read the table carefully. Fill in the missing data and answer the questions that follow:

 

'GOLDENsocwsCIENGE Workers in different sectors (in Millions) Unorganised Secon dary Tertiary Total Workers in different sectors (in Millions) Total Prim ary Secondary Terti ary Total TO in Percentage Organise. 17.26% Unorganiséd 82.74% (i) What is the percentage of people in the unorganised sector in agriculture? (ii) DO you agree that agriculture is an unorganised sector activity? Why? (iii) If we look at the country as a whole, we find that — % Of the workers in India are in the unorganised sector. Organised sector employment is available to only about — of the workers in India. (i) The percentage Of people in the unorganised agriculture is 99.56%. Yes, we think that agriculture is an unorganised sector activity because, (a) Farmers have no fixed working hours. (b) Farmers do not get fixed amount of money as salary every month. (c) Farm labour are low paid and Often irregular. (a) 82.74%; (b) 17.26% V. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. SECTORS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 1.1. The prime economic activity Of India: (a) Industry (c) providing services (b) Agriculture (d) None of these

 

Comments

Post a Comment

Let QNA know what you feel ...