CLASS 10 SST ECONOMICS CHAPTER 2 - SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY [HOTS]

Hots (Higher Order Thinking Skills)

Q. 1. ‘‘When a country develops, the contribution of primary sector declines and

that of secondary and tertiary sector increases’’. Analyse the statement.

Or

What historical changes have been brought about in the primary, secondary and

tertiary sectors?

Ans. (i) Primary sector:

• As the methods of farming changed and the agricultural sector began to prosper,

it produced much more food than before.

• Many people could now take up other activities. Buying and selling activities

increased many times.

• However, at this stage most of the goods produced were natural products from

the primary sector and most people were also employed in this sector.

(ii) Secondary sector:

• Over a long time, and especially because new methods of manufacturing were

introduced, factories came up and started expanding.

• Those people who had earlier worked on farms now began to work in factories in

large numbers.

• Secondary sector gradually became the most important sector in the total

production and employment.

• Hence, over time, a shift had taken place. This means that the importance of the

sectors had changed.

(iii) Tertiary sector:

• In the past 100 years, there has been a further shift from secondary to tertiary

sector in developed countries.

• The service sector has become the most important, in terms of total production.

• Most of the working people are also employed in the service sector. This is the

general pattern observed in developed countries.

Q. 2. ‘‘There has been a big change in the three sectors of economic activities in

India but similar shift has not taken place in the share of employment’’. Explain

the above statement on the basis of facts.

Ans. (i) There has been a big change in the three sectors of Indian economy.

(ii) In primary sector, modern technology has been introduced in agriculture. With the

arrival of green revolution, increased irrigational methods, there are noticeable changes

in this sector.

(iii) Industrial production has also increased several times therefore providing more

employment opportunities to the unemployed and underemployed in this sector.

(iv) Similarly in tertiary sector, there are more people coming for getting employment.

New development of primary and secondary sectors leads to the development of

service like transport, trade, storage, etc.

(v) There are lots of casual workers in the service sector in urban areas who search for

daily employment. In the rural areas too, a lot of casual workers sometimes

intermittently do not get jobs. Many of them are disguisedly unemployed. So besides

change unemployment still exists in India.

Q. 3. How can employment opportunities be generated in the tourism and

information technology sectors?

Ans. (i) The government must promote business as tourism helps a lot of Indian states

and their artisans to earn recognition and income.

(ii) Tourist places, hotels, roads, etc. infrastructure should be prepared for attracting

more tourists.

(iii) Government should frame policies for providing job opportunities in IT Sector like

BPOs.

(iv) Tourism and IT Sector at present also is booming in India which are providing more

job opportunities to younger generation, artists, etc.

Q. 4. How far is it correct to say that in recent past, India has experienced some

significant changes in the contribution of GDP service sector? Explain.

Ans. Not all service sectors are growing equally well. Service sector in India employs

many different kinds of people.

At one end, there are limited number of services that employ highly skilled and

educated workers. At the other end, these are a very large number of workers engaged

in services such as small shopkeepers, repair persons, transport persons, etc.

But in terms of GDP, the service sector emerged as the largest producing sector in India

replacing the primary sector.

In 1972, share of tertiary sector in GDP was almost 35% which increased to more than

58% in 2011.

As income of people rises, they began to demand many more services like eating out,

tourism, shopping malls, etc.

Particularly this area, the post decade IT Sector or BPO’s provided jobs to many urban

educated unemployed youth too.

Q. 5. Give reasons for the growth of service sector in India.

Or

How is the tertiary sector gaining importance in India?

Ans. (i) In any country, several services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post

and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative offices, municipal

corporations, defence, transport, banks, insurance companies, etc., are required. These

can be considered as basic services.

(ii) The development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of service

such as transport, trade, storage, etc. Greater the development of the primary and

secondary sector, more would be the demand for such services.

(iii) As income levels rise, certain sections of people start demanding many more

services like eating out, tourism, shopping, private hospitals, private schools,

professional training institutes, etc. These changes can be seen in big cities.

(iv) Over the past decade or so, certain new services such as those based on

information and communication technology have become important and essential.

Therefore, production of these services has been rising rapidly.

Q. 6. How would income and employment increase if farmers were provided with

irrigation and marketing facilities?

Ans. (i) The government can spend some money or banks can provide loans to

construct wells to irrigate the land of poor farmers.

(ii) Government can develop tourism or regional craft industries. It would encourage the

small farmers to get additional income.

(iii) Suppose a new dam is constructed and canals are dug to irrigate many farms, this

could lead to lot of employment generation within the agricultural sector itself reducing

the problem of underemployment.

(iv) Poor farmers need seeds, fertilizers, and agricultural equipments. If the local banks

give them credit at reasonable rate of interest, they will be able to buy them in time and

cultivate their land.

(v) Another way, by which we can tackle this problem, is to identify, promote and locate

industries and services in semi-rural areas where a large number of people may be

employed.