Short Answer Questions
Q. 1. Differentiate between economic and non-economic
activities. Give any two
points.
Ans. (i) Economic activities are such activities which gets
you some income while
performing them. For example, a doctor earning his income by
treating his patients.
(ii) Non-economic activities are the activities which do not
earn you any income. For
example, a doctor treating his own family members doesn’t earn
any income.
Q. 2. Explain the objective of implementing the MG NREGA,
2005.
Ans. Its main objective was to provide employment to the
unemployed.
According to MG NREGA, all those who are able to and are in
need of work would be
guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the
government.
If the government fails in its duty to provide employment,
it will give unemployment
allowances to the people.
Q. 3. In what ways can employment be increased in urban
areas?
Ans. Rapid industrialisation can create employment
opportunities for a number of
people in urban areas.
Tourism can be developed in cities providing massive number
of jobs by opening hotels,
restaurants for the tourists.
Setting up of new services like IT has also opened up new
vistas for plenty of people
and provided jobs in urban areas.
Q. 4. How would income and employment increase if farmers
were provided with
irrigation and marketing facilities?
Ans. Suppose a new dam is constructed and canals are dug to
irrigate many such
farms, it could lead to a lot of employment generation
within the agricultural sector itself
and in reducing the problem of underemployment.
Farmers required to transport their products to a nearby town.
If the government invests
some money in transportation and storage of crops or makes
better rural roads so that
mini trucks can reach everywhere. This activity can provide
productive employment to
not just farmers but also others such as those in services
like transport or trade.
Q. 5. What is an organised sector? Give any three benefits
of the organised
sector.
Ans. Organised sector covers those enterprises or places of
work where the terms of
employment are regular and therefore, people have assured work.
They are registered
by the government.
Benefits of the organised sector:
(i) Workers enjoy security of employment. They are expected
to work only for a fixed
number of hours.
(ii) If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the
employer.
They get paid leaves, payment during holidays, provident
fund, gratuity, etc.
Q. 6. What do you mean by ‘unorganised sector’? Give two
disadvantages of the
unorganised sector.
Ans. Unorganised sector is characterised by small and
scattered units which are largely
outside the control of the government.
Two disadvantages:
(i) Employment is not secure.
(ii) Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular and there
is no provision for overtime,
paid leaves, holidays, etc.
Q. 7. Why is the public sector required to provide certain
things at a reasonable
cost?
Ans. (i) The purpose of the public sector is not just to
earn profits but to think about the
social benefits also.
(ii) There are several things needed by the society as a
whole but which the private
sector will not be able to provide at a reasonable cost.
(iii) Some of these require large sums of money to be spent,
which is beyond the
capacity of the private sector.
Q. 8. Why is tertiary sector also called ‘service sector’?
Ans. Since the activities of tertiary sector generate
services rather than goods, it is
called service sector. It includes some essential services
that may not directly help in
the production of goods. We require teachers, doctors and
those who provide personal
services such as washermen, barbers, cobblers, lawyers and
people to do
administrative and accounting works. In recent times,
certain new services based on
information technology such as Internet cafe, ATM booths,
call centres, software
companies, etc. have become important.
Q. 9. Other than agriculture, in which sectors can under
employment occur?
Ans. Underemployment can also happen in other sectors.
There are thousands of casual workers in the service sector
in urban areas who search
for daily employment. They are employed as painters,
plumbers, repair persons and
others doing odd jobs. Many of them don’t find work every
day. We also see other
people of the service sector on the streets pushing a cart
or selling something where
they may spend the whole day but earn very little. They are
doing this work because
they do not have better opportunities.
Q. 10. How is tertiary sector different from other sectors?
Ans. In primary sector, most of the activities are
undertaken by exploiting our natural
resources.
The secondary sector does the processing of the raw material
produced by primary
sectors in manufacturing industries.
Tertiary sector neither produces goods nor transforms the
shape of natural resources,
but the activities undertaken by this sector support both
primary and secondary sectors.
Q. 11. What development has taken place in developed
countries for each sector?
Ans. In the past 100 years, there has been a further shift
from secondary to tertiary
sector in developed countries. The service sector has become
the most important in
terms of total production. Most of the working people are
also employed in the service
sector. This is the general pattern observed in the
developed countries.
Comments
Post a Comment
Let QNA know what you feel ...