Very Short Answer Questions
Q. 1. What is Primary sector?
Ans. The activities that are undertaken directly using
natural resources fall under
primary sector. The industries are engaged in production or
extraction of natural
resources such as ores, crops and oil.
Q. 2. Give example of Primary sector.
Ans. The Cultivation of Cotton: It takes place within a crop
season. For the growth of
cotton plant, we depend mainly, but not entirely on natural
factors like rainfall, sunshine
and climate. The product of this activity, cotton is a natural
product.
Q. 3. How does activity of dairy fall under Primary sector?
Ans. In the activity of dairy, we are dependent on
biological process of the animals and
availability of fodder, etc. The product, milk, also is a
natural product.
Q. 4. Why is primary sector also called agriculture and
related sector?
Ans. Since most of the natural products we get are from
agriculture, dairy, fishing,
forestry, this sector is also called agriculture and related
sector.
Q. 5. What is Secondary sector?
Ans. The Secondary sector covers activities in which natural
products are processed
through ways of manufacturing that we associate with
industrial activity. The product is
not produced by nature but by some process in manufacturing
is necessary.
Q. 6. Give example of Secondary sector.
Ans. Using cotton fibre from the plant, we spin yarn and
weave cloth. Using sugarcane
as raw material, we make sugar or gur, are some of the
examples of secondary sector.
Q. 7. Why is Secondary sector also called as an ‘Industrial
Sector’?
Ans. Since this sector gradually became associated with the
different kinds of industries
that came up, it is called as industrial sector. The
secondary sector includes industries
that produce a finished usable products.
Q. 8. Which activities are categorised under Tertiary
sector?
Ans. The activities that help in the development of primary
and secondary sectors are
called tertiary activities. These activities, by themselves,
do not produce a good but they
are a support for the production process.
Q 9. Give example of Tertiary activities.
Ans. Goods that are produced in the primary or secondary
sector would need to be
transported by trucks or trains and then sold in wholesale
and retail shops. At times it
may be necessary to store these in godowns. We may need to
communicate with
traders or borrow money from banks, etc. to help production
and trade. These are
examples of tertiary activities.
Q. 10. Why is Tertiary sector also called the Service
sector?
Ans. Since these activities generate services rather than
goods, the tertiary sector is
also called the service sector.
Q. 11. Which essential services are included in Tertiary
sector?
Ans. Service sector includes some essential services that
may not directly help in the
production of goods. For example, we require teachers,
doctors and those who provide
personal services such as washermen, barbers, cobblers,
lawyers and people to do
administrative and accounting works.
Q. 12. What is GDP?
Ans. GDP is Gross Domestic Product. The sum of the
production in three sectors gives
what is called GDP.
Q. 13. How is GDP calculated?
Ans. The following equation is used to calculate the GDP.
GDP = C + I + G + (X – M)
C – Consumer Spending
I – Business investment
G – Government Spending
(X – M) = net exports (exports–imports)
Q. 14. Who is measuring GDP of India?
Ans. In India, the mammoth task of measuring GDP is
undertaken by a Central
Government Ministry. This ministry with the help of various
government departments of
all Indian states and union territories, collects
information relating to total volume of
goods and services and their prices and then estimates the
GDP.
Q. 15. What changes have been brought in Primary sectors of
India?
Ans. As the methods of farming changed and agriculture
sector began to prosper, it
produced much more food than before. Many people could now
take up other activities
like transporters, administration or army.
Q. 16. What changes can be seen in Secondary sector of
India?
Ans. New methods of manufacturing were introduced, factories
came up and started
expanding. People from rural areas migrated to work in
factories and demands for
manufactured goods has also increased.
Q. 17. What development has taken place in Tertiary sector
of India?
Ans. The service sector has become the most important in
terms of production. Most of
the working people are also employed in service sector.
Q. 18. Which sector has grown the most over thirty years?
Ans. It is the tertiary or service sector, which has grown
the most over the thirty years.
Q. 19. Which basic services are provided by the government
in a country?
Ans. In any country, services such as hospitals, educational
institutes, post and
telegraph services, police stations, courts, village
administrative offices, municipal
corporations, defence, transport, banks, insurance companies
can be considered basic
services. It is the responsibility of the government to
provide these basic services.
Q. 20. How does development of primary and secondary sectors
demand for
services?
Ans. The development of agriculture and industry leads to
the development of services
such as transport, trade, storage, etc. Greater the
development of the primary and
secondary sectors, more would be the demand for such
services.
Q. 21. Which services are more in demand after the income
level rise in cities?
Ans. As income levels rise, certain sections of people start
demanding many more
services like eating out, tourism, shopping, private
hospitals, private schools,
professional training, etc.
Q. 22. Which new services have been introduced over the past
decade?
Ans. Certain new services such as those based on information
and communication
technology have become important and essential. The
production of these services has
been rising rapidly.
Q. 23. Which kind of workers are not growing economically in
Tertiary sector?
Ans. These are a large number of workers engaged in services
such as small
shopkeeper, repair persons, transport persons, daily wages
earners, etc. These people
barely manage to earn a living and yet they perform these
services because no
alternative opportunities for work are available to them.
Q. 24. Why are larger number of people employed in Primary
sector in India even
today?
Ans. It is because not enough jobs are created in the
secondary and tertiary sectors.
Even though industrial output or the production of goods
went up by nine times during
the period, employment in the industry went up only three
times.
Q. 25. What does underemployment mean?
Ans. In a situation of underemployment, people are
apparently working but all of them
are made to work less than their potential.
Q. 26. What is disguised unemployment?
Ans. It is a situation where more than required people are
working and even if some
people are removed from the work, it won’t be affected.
Hence, it is called disguised
unemployment.
Q. 27. How can problem of underemployment be reduced by the
government?
Ans. Suppose a new dam is constructed and canals are dug to
irrigate farms. This
could lead to a lot of employment generation within the
agricultural sector itself reducing
the problem of underemployment.
Q. 28. Which industries and services can help the
underemployed people in rural
areas?
Ans. Setting up dal mills to procure and process them,
opening cold storages to store
their products like potatoes and onions and sell them when
the price is good. In villages,
near forest areas, honey collection centres can be
introduced where farmers can come
and sell wild honey.
Q. 29. What does MG NREGA mean?
Ans. It is Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act 2005.
Q. 30. What is an organised sector?
Ans. Organised sectors cover those enterprises or places of
work where the terms of
employment are regular and therefore people are assured of
work.
Q. 31. What benefits does a worker enjoy in an organised
sector?
Ans. Workers in organised sectors enjoy security of
employment. They are expected to
work only for a fixed number of hours. They get paid leaves,
payment during holidays,
provident fund and gratuity, etc.
Q. 32. What is an unorganised sector?
Ans. The unorganised sector is characterised by small and
scattered units which are
largely outside the control of the government.
Q. 33. What are the drawbacks of an unorganised sector?
Ans. Jobs here are often low paid and often not regular. No
provision for creative, paid
leave, holidays, leave due to sickness, etc. Employment is
not secured.
Q. 34. Why are a large number of people forced to enter the
unorganised sector
jobs?
Ans. The organised sector offers jobs that are most sought
after. But the employment
opportunities in the organised sector have been expanding
very slowly. Many organised
sectors also refuse to follow laws that protect labourers.
Therefore, a large number of
people are forced to enter the unorganised sector of jobs
which pay a very low salary.
Q. 35. Which people are vulnerable in unorganised sector of
rural areas?
Ans. In the rural areas, the unorganised sector mostly comprises
of landless agricultural
labourers, small and marginal farmers, share croppers and
artisans like weavers,
blacksmiths, carpenters and goldsmiths, etc. These are
vulnerable people who need
protection.
Q. 36. How can small and marginal farmers be supported?
Ans. Small and marginal farmers need to be supported through
adequate facility for
timely delivery of seeds, agricultural inputs, credit,
storage facilities and marketing
outlets.
Q. 37. Which people are vulnerable in unorganised sectors of
urban areas?
Ans. In the urban areas, unorganised sector comprises mainly
of workers in small-scale
industry, casual workers in construction, trade and
transport, etc., and those who work
as street vendors, head load workers, garment makers, rag
picker, etc., are vulnerable,
so they need to be protected.
Q. 38. Why do schedule caste and schedule tribe workers also
need to be
protected by the government?
Ans. Majority of workers from SC, ST and backward
communities find themselves in
unorganised sectors. Besides getting the irregular and low
paid work, these workers
also face social discrimination. Therefore, their protection
is necessary.
Q. 39. What is Public sector?
Ans. In Public sector, the government owns most of the
assets and provides all the
services.
Q. 40. What is the main purpose of the Public sector?
Ans. The purpose of public sector is not just to earn profit
but also to think about social
justice.
Q. 41. Give examples of Public sector.
Ans. Railways, post offices, banks, etc., are owned by the
government so they fall
under public sector.
Q. 42. What is Private sector?
Ans. In the private sector, ownership of assets and delivery
of service is in the hands of
private individuals or companies.
Q. 43. What is the objective of private sector?
Ans. Private Sectors are guided by the motive to earn
profits. To get such services, we
have to pay money to these individuals and companies.
Q. 44. Which activities are undertaken only by the
government, not by the private
sector?
Ans. Some of the activities need large sum of investment,
which is beyond the capacity
of private sector. Even if the private sectors provide these
facilities, they would charge a
high rate for their use.
Q. 45. Which activities are undertaken only by Public
sector?
Ans. Construction of roads, bridges, railways, harbour,
generating electricity, providing
irrigation through dams, etc., have to be undertaken by the
government, who makes it
sure that these facilities are available for everyone.
Q. 46. Which activities are supported by the government?
Ans. The private sector may not continue their production or
business unless
government encourages it, like selling electricity at the
cost of generation may push up
the costs of production of goods in many industries.
Government here steps in by
producing and supplying electricity at rates which these
industries can afford.
Government has to bear part of the cost.
Q. 47. How does government support both farmers and
consumers?
Ans. The government in India buys wheat and rice from
farmers at a fair price. This it
stores in its godowns and sells at a lower price to
consumers through ration shops.
Here government has to bear some of the cost. In this way,
the government supports
both farmers and consumers.
Q. 48. How can you say that provision of education is the
responsibility of the
government?
Ans. Running proper schools and providing quality education
particularly elementary
education, is the duty of the government. India’s size of
illiterate populations is one of
the largest in the world, so government must spend on it.
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