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4. ASSERTION AND REASON DIRECTION:  Mark the option which is most suitable : (a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) If both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of assertion. (c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false. (d) If both assertion and reason are false. 1. Assertion: Italy was divided into seven states, of which only one was ruled by an Italian princely house. Reason: The north was under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain. Ans : (c) Assertion is true but the reason is false. Italy was divided into seven states of which only one, Sardinia-Piedmont was ruled by an Italian princely house. The north was under Austrian Habsburgs and the southern regions were under the domination of The Bourbon kings of Spain. Therefore assertion is true but the reason is false. 2. Assertion : Germany, Italy and Switzerland were  divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose 

3. TRUE/FALSE DIRECTION : Read each of the following statements and  write if it is true or false. 1. In Britain, formation of a nation-state was a long  parliamentary process. Ans : True 2. Jacobin clubs influenced German Army. Ans : False 3. The Napoleonic Bode upheld reforms and equality. Ans : True 4. From 1848, Prussia took on the leadership of the  movement of national unification. Ans : True 5. Mazzini was a great revolutionary leader of Romanian. Ans : False

2. FILL IN THE BLANK DIRECTION : Complete the following statements with  appropriate word(s). 1. The Act of Union of 1707 was between .......... and  .......... . Ans : England and Scotland 2. Jacob clubs were the .......... . Ans : Political Clubs 3. When conservative regimes were restored to power,  many liberal minded people went underground  because of the fear of .......... . Ans : Repression 4. .......... allegory represent the nation of France. Ans : Marianne 5. .......... were the most serious nationalist tension in  Europe after 1871. Ans : Balkans

1. Who remarked “When France Sneezes, the rest of  Europe catches cold”? (a) Giuseppe Mazzini (b) Metternich (c) Louis Philippe (d) Johann Gottfried Ans : (b) Metternich 2. Which country had been party of the ‘Ottoman  Empire’ since the 15th century? (a) Spain (b) Greece (c) France (d) Germany Ans : (b) Greece 3. Which country became full-fledged territorial state in  Europe in the year 1789? (a) Germany (b) France (c) England (d) Spain Ans : (b) France 4. When was the first clear expression of nationalism  noticed in Europe? (a) 1787 (b) 1759 (c) 1789 (d) 1769 Ans : (c) 1789 5. Which of the following did the European conservatives  not believe in? (a) Traditional institution of state policy (b) Strengthened monarchy (c) A return to a society of pre-revolutionary days Ans : (c) A return to a society of pre-revolutionary  days 6. Name the Italian revolutionary from Genoa. (a) Metternich (b) Johann Gottfried (c) Giuseppe Mazzini (d) None of these Ans : (c) Giuseppe Mazzini 7. Which langu

Q. 2 What were Jacobin Clubs ? How did their activities and campaigns help to spread the idea of  nationalism abroad ? Explain. Ans. Jacobin Club was a political club that came into existence in the aftermath of the French  Revolution. The activities and campaigns of this club helped spread the idea of nationalism abroad in  the following manner : (i) A collective identity among the French was created by the club members. (ii) The notion of equal rights for the people was stressed upon by the club members giving rise to a  centralised idea of equality among people. (iii) Their activities and campaigns prepared the way for the French armies which moved into  Holland, Belgium, Switzerland and much of Italy in the 1790s.

Q. 1 When did the French Revolution take place ? Explain its impact on Europe. Or   Describe the events of French Revolution which has influenced the people belonging to other parts  of Europe. (CBSE 2015 (D)  Ans.  The French Revolution took place in 1789. Impact on Europe : (i) Formation of Jacobin Clubs :  When the news of the Revolution reached the different cities of  Europe, students and other members of educated middle classes began setting up Jacobin Clubs.  Their activities and campaigns prepared the way for the French armies which moved into Holland,  Belgium, Switzerland and much of Italy in the 1790s. (ii) Liberalisation revolutionaries further declared that it was of people :  The mission and the destiny  of the French nation to liberate the peoples of Europe from despotism, in other words to help other  peoples of Europe to become nations. (iii) Rise of Napoleon and its impact:  The conditions created by the revolution paved way for  Napoleon who took several steps to ref