CHAPTER 4
: PARTS OF SPEECH
Speech:
Parts of
speech:
Words are
divided into different kinds or classes in a sentence are called parts of
speech.
The parts
of speech are 8 in number.
1. noun
2. adjective
3.
pronoun
4. verb
5. adverb
6.
preposition
7.
conjunction
8. interjection
1. noun:
A noun is
a word used as the name of a person, place or thing.
Example:
Akbar
was a great king.
Kolkata
is on the banks of the river Hooghly.
The rose smells sweet.
The sun shines brightly.
His courage won him honour.
2. Adjective:
An
adjective is a word used to add something to the meaning of a noun.
Examples:
He is a brave boy.
There are
twenty boys in this
class.
3.
Pronoun:
A pronoun
is a word used instead of a noun.
Examples:
John is
absent because he is ill.
The books
are where you left them.
4. verb:
A verb is
a word used to express an action, event or state.
The girl wrote a letter to her cousin.
Kolkata is a big city.
Iron and
copper are useful metals.
5. adverb:
An adverb
is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or
another adverb.
Examples:
He worked
the sum quickly.
This
flower is very beautiful.
She
pronounced the word quite correctly.
6.
preposition:
A
preposition is a word used with a noun or a pronoun to show how the person or
thing denoted by the noun or pronoun stands in relation to something else.
Examples:
There is
a cow in the garden.
The girl
is fond of music.
A fair
little girl sat under a tree.
7.
conjunction:
A
conjunction is a word used to join words or sentences.
Rama and Hari are cousins.
Two and two make four.
I ran
fast but missed the train.
8.
interjection:
An
interjection is word which expresses some sudden feeling.
Hurrah!
We have won the game.
Alas!
She is dead.
Determiners:
Determiners
are words which determine or limit the meaning of the nouns that follow.
Examples:
a, an, the, this, that, these, those, every, some, any, my, his, one, two, etc.
The same
word can be used as different parts of speech.
They
arrived soon after. (adverb)
They
arrived after us. (preposition)
They
arrived after we had left. (conjunction)
Exercise in grammar 2
Name the part of speech
of each italicized word in the following sentences, giving in each case your
reason for the classification.
1. Still
waters run deep.
2. He still
lives in that house.
3. After
the storm comes the calm
4. The after
effects of the drug are bad.
5. The up
train is late.
6. It
weighs about a pound.
7. He
told us all about the battle.
8. He was
only a yard off me.
9.
Suddenly one of the wheels came off.
10.
Mohammedans fast in the month of Ramzan.
11. He
kept the fast for a week.
12. He is
on the committee.
13. Let
us move on.
14. Sit
down and rest a while.
15. I
will watch while you sleep.
16. They while
away their evenings with books and games.
ANSWERS
1. Still
waters run deep.
Ans: still
= adjective adds something to the meaning of the noun ‘waters’
2. He still
lives in that house.
Ans:
still = adverb adds something to the meaning of the verb ‘lives’
3. After
the storm comes the calm
Ans:
after = preposition shows the relation between ‘storm’ and ‘comes’
4. The after
effects of the drug are bad.
Ans:
after = adjective adds something to the meaning of the noun ‘effects’
5. The up
train is late.
Ans: up =
adjective adds something to the meaning of the noun ‘train’
6. It
weighs about a pound.
Ans:
about = adverb adds something to the meaning of the verb ‘weigh’
7. He
told us all about the battle.
Ans: about
= preposition shows the relation between ‘all’ and ‘battle’
8. He was
only a yard off me.
Ans: off
= preposition shows the relation between ‘yard’ and ‘me’
9.
Suddenly one of the wheels came off.
Ans: off
= adverb adds something to the meaning of the verb ‘came’
10.
Mohammedans fast in the month of Ramzan.
Ans: fast
= verb expresses an action
11. He
kept the fast for a week.
Ans: fast
= noun is the name of something
12. He is
on the committee.
Ans : on
= preposition shows the relation between ‘is’ and ‘committee’
13. Let
us move on.
Ans: on =
adverb adds something in the meaning of the verb ‘moves’
14. Sit
down and rest a while.
Ans: while
= noun is the name of something
15. I
will watch while you sleep.
Ans: while
= conjunction joins the two parts ‘I will watch’ and ‘you sleep’
16. They while
away their evenings with books and games.
Ans: while
= verb expresses an action
REVISE:
Parts of
speech:
Words are
divided into different kinds or classes in a sentence are called …………………………
The parts
of speech are 8 in number.
1. noun
2.
adjective
3. ………………….
4. verb
5. ……………………
6.
preposition
7. ………………………….
8. interjection
……………………..
is a word used as the name of a person, place or thing.
………………………
is a word used to add something to the meaning of a noun.
…………………..
is a word used instead of a noun.
…………………..
is a word used to express an action, event or state.
…………………….
is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or
another adverb.
………………………..
is a word used with a noun or a pronoun to show how the person or thing denoted
by the noun or pronoun stands in relation to something else.
…………………………
is a word used to join words or sentences.
……………………
is word which expresses some sudden feeling.
……………………..
are words which determine or limit the meaning of the nouns that follow.
FIND OUT
THE NOUNS:
Akbar was a great king.
Kolkata is on the banks of the river
Hooghly.
The rose smells sweet.
The sun shines brightly.
His courage won him honour.
FIND OUT
THE ADJECTIVES:
He is a brave boy.
There are twenty boys in this class.
FIND OUT
THE PRONOUNS.
John is absent because he is ill.
The books are where you left them.
FIND OUT
THE VERBS:
The girl wrote a letter to her cousin.
Kolkata is a big city.
Iron and copper are useful metals.
FIND OUT
THE ADVERBS:
He worked the sum quickly.
This flower is very beautiful.
She pronounced the word quite correctly.
FIND OUT
THE PREPOSITIONS:
There is a cow in the garden.
The girl is fond of music.
A fair little girl sat under a tree.
FIND OUT
THE CONJUNCTIONS:
Rama and Hari are cousins.
Two and two make four.
I ran fast but missed the train.
FIND OUT THE
INTERJECTIONS:
Hurrah! We have won the game.
Alas! She is dead.
Exercise in grammar 2
Name the part of speech
of each italicized word in the following sentences, giving in each case your
reason for the classification.
1. Still
waters run deep.
2. He still
lives in that house.
3. After
the storm comes the calm
4. The after
effects of the drug are bad.
5. The up
train is late.
6. It
weighs about a pound.
7. He
told us all about the battle.
8. He was
only a yard off me.
9. Suddenly
one of the wheels came off.
10.
Mohammedans fast in the month of Ramzan.
11. He
kept the fast for a week.
12. He is
on the committee.
13. Let
us move on.
14. Sit
down and rest a while.
15. I
will watch while you sleep.
16. They while
away their evenings with books and games.
ANSWERS
1. Still
waters run deep.
Ans:
still = adjective adds something to the meaning of the noun ‘waters’
2. He still
lives in that house.
Ans:
still = adverb adds something to the meaning of the verb ‘lives’
3. After
the storm comes the calm
Ans:
after = preposition shows the relation between ‘storm’ and ‘comes’
4. The after
effects of the drug are bad.
Ans:
after = adjective adds something to the meaning of the noun ‘effects’
5. The up
train is late.
Ans: up =
adjective adds something to the meaning of the noun ‘train’
6. It
weighs about a pound.
Ans:
about = adverb adds something to the meaning of the verb ‘weigh’
7. He
told us all about the battle.
Ans:
about = preposition shows the relation between ‘all’ and ‘battle’
8. He was
only a yard off me.
Ans: off
= preposition shows the relation between ‘yard’ and ‘me’
9.
Suddenly one of the wheels came off.
Ans: off
= adverb adds something to the meaning of the verb ‘came’
10.
Mohammedans fast in the month of Ramzan.
Ans: fast
= verb expresses an action
11. He
kept the fast for a week.
Ans: fast
= noun is the name of something
12. He is
on the committee.
Ans : on
= preposition shows the relation between ‘is’ and ‘committee’
13. Let
us move on.
Ans: on =
adverb adds something in the meaning of the verb ‘moves’
14. Sit
down and rest a while.
Ans:
while = noun is the name of something
15. I
will watch while you sleep.
Ans:
while = conjunction joins the two parts ‘I will watch’ and ‘you sleep’
16. They while
away their evenings with books and games.
Ans:
while = verb expresses an action
COMPLETED
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