Manufacturing Industries Class 10
Long Answers Type Questions [LATQ]
Question 1.
If the jute industry has to be set up which would be a better location Damodar basin or Hugli basin? Give five reasons to support your answer.
Answer:
Better location for setting up jute industry is the Hugli basin. Reasons for location in the Hugli basin are-
- Proximity of the jute producing areas
- Inexpensive water transport
- Good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement of raw material to the mills.
- Abundant water for processing raw jute
- Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.
- Kolkata provides banking insurance, and port facility for export of jute goods.
Question 2.
What is the manufacturing sector? Why is it considered the backbone of development? Interpret the reason.
Answer:
The manufacturing sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.
Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular chiefly because of the following reasons-
(i) Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(ii) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
(iii) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(iv) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are rich. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.
Question 3.
What is manufacturing sector? Describe the four types of manufacturing sectors on the basis of ownership.
Answer:
Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
Private sector industries are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals; for example, TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd, Dabur industries, etc.
Question 4.
“Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other.” Explain with five examples.
Answer:
Industry and agriculture go hand in hand. This can be proved from the following examples:
- The agro-based industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
- Industries depend on the agriculture for raw materials and sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc., to the farmers.
- Development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only helped agriculturists in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficient.
Question 5.
“Production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country’s development.” Examine the statement.
Answer:
(i) Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods.
(ii) It is in great demand for export. So, higher the steel output, greater is the available material for earning through exports.
(iii) Steel making consumes large amounts of energy. It also requires efficient transportation. So, greater the production of steel, the greater is the demand for energy, coal mining, transportation and many other economic activities.
(iv) Steel enters into final goods of consumption of so many goods such as cars, table, chairs, bed frames, refrigerators, etc. If the production and consumption of steel is high, it means the production and consumption of thousands of final goods is also high.
(v) Steel has one of the highest forward and backward linkages for economic activities and growth. From the above points it becomes clear how important steel is. So, it can be easily said that production and consumption of steel is the index of a country’s development.
Question 6.
Why was cotton textile industry concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat in the early years? Explain reasons.
Answer:
In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat because of the following reasons-
- Maharashtra and Gujarat have no dearth of black soil which is ideal for growing cotton.
- Moist climate in these regions helps in spinning and weaving the yam.
- Well developed transport network and proximity to port facilities have led to the concentration of textile industry in these regions.
- A wide market is available here.
- Cotton textile industry requires intensive labour which is easily available in these regions.
- India is a tropical country and cotton clothes are comfortable to wear in such climate. So a large population of the country favours to wear clothes made of cotton.
Question 7.
State the challenges faced by the jute industry in India.
Answer:
- Stiff competition in the international market from synthetic substitutes and from other competitors like Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.
- The industry needs to diversify which it fails.
- The industry still uses old technology, as a result of which the cost of production is high. So the demand for jute products has declined.
- The yield per hectare is low which has deterrent effect on this industry.
- Since jute farmers do not get good prices, they feel discouraged.
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