CLASS 10 SOCIAL STUDIES MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES - Short Answers Type Questions [SATQ] #14

 

Manufacturing Industries

Short Answers Type Questions [SATQ]

 

Question 1.
“Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand.” Validate the statement.

Answer:
(i) After an industrial activity starts in a town, urbanisation follows. Industry provides employment to the people of the area. Population migrates from rural hinterlands to seek jobs and other opportunities.

(ii) Housing and transport facilities are developed to accommodate these people. Other infrastructural developments also take place leading to growth and development of the town into a city.

(iii) Sometimes, industries are located in or near the cities. Cities provide markets and services such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice, etc., to the industry. Thus, industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand.

 

 

Question 2.
Explain with examples, how do industries give boost to the agriculture sector?

Answer:
Industry and agriculture go hand in hand. This can be proved from the following examples:

• The agro-based industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
• Industries depend on the agriculture for raw materials and sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc., to the farmers.
• Development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only helped agriculturists in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficient.

 

 

Question 3.
Why has the Chhotanagpur Plateau Region the maximum concentration of iron and steel industries? Analyse the reasons.

Answer:
It is because of the relative advantages this region has for the development of this industry:

• Low cost of iron ore is available since it is mined in this region.
• Iron and steel industry requires high-grade coal, limestone and manganese ore as raw materials. These things are available in abundance in close proximity in this region.
• Cheap labour is also available here.
• There is a vast growth potential in the home market well connected by roadways and railways.

 

 

Question 4.
Analyse three major challenges faced by the sugar-industry in India.

Answer:
The sugar industry in India faces several challenges. Three of them are:

• Seasonal nature of the industry
• Old and inefficient methods of production of sugar
• Transport delay in reaching cane to factories.

 

 

Question 5.
“Agriculture and industry move hand in hand.” Analyse the statement with three examples.

Answer:
Industry and agriculture go hand in hand. This can be proved from the following examples:

• The agro-based industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
• Industries depend on the agriculture for raw materials and sell their products such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc., to the farmers.
• Development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only helped agriculturists in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficient.

 

 

Question 6.
Why is India not able to perform to her full potential in iron and steel production? Explain any three reasons.

Answer:
Although India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world, we are not able to perform to our full potential largely due to the following reasons:

• High costs and limited availability of coking coal, which is an important raw material for iron and steel industry.
• Lower productivity of labour. We know iron and steel industry requires cheap, hard and skilled labour. Cheap labour, no doubt, is available in our country but there is always dearth of skilled labour.
• Irregular power supply. Our country faces severe crisis of power.

 

 

Question 7.
What were the major objectives of the National Jute Policy, 2005? Why has been the internal demand for jute on the increase?

Answer:
In 2005, National Jute Policy was formulated with the following objectives:

• To increase productivity
• To improve quality
• To ensure good prices to the jute farmers, and
• To enhance the yield per hectare.

The internal demand for jute has been on the increase because of the following reasons:

• The government has made it mandatory to use jute packaging.
• The growing global concern for environment friendly, biodegradable materials, has once again opened the opportunity for jute products.

 

Question 8.
Explain any three reasons for the expansion of sugar industry in the southern and western states of India. (Imp.)
Answer:
In recent years, there is a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra because of the following reasons:

• The cane produced in these states has a higher sucrose content.
• The cooler climate of these regions also ensures a longer crushing season.
• Also, the cooperatives are more successful in these states.

 

 

Question 9.
Give a classification of industries on the basis of ownership.
OR
Classify industries on the basis of ownership.

Answer:
On the basis of ownership, industries are classified in the following ways-

(i) Public sector industries are owned and operated by government agencies; for example, BHEL, SAIL, etc.

(ii) Private sector industries are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals; for example, TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd, Dabur industries, etc.

(iii) Joint sector industries are jointly run by the state and individuals or a group of individuals; for example, Oil India Limited (OIL) is jointly owned by public and private sectors.

(iv) Cooperative sector industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. For example, sugar industries in Maharashtra, coir industries in Kerala.

 

 

Question 10.
Mention any three features of textile industry.
OR
‘The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy.” Explain.
OR
“The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain.” Justify the statement.

Answer:
(i) The textile industry contributes significantly to industrial production (14 percent), employment generation (35 million persons directly) and foreign exchange earnings (about 24.6 percent).

(ii) It contributes 4 percent towards GDP.

(iii) It is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e. from raw material to the highest value added products. The following flow chart shows value addition in the textile industry:

 

 

Question 11.
Mention a few problems faced by cotton textile industries in India.
OR
“Although, we have made significant increase in the production of good quality long staple cotton, the need to import is still felt.” Why?

Answer:

• Power supply is erratic. Frequent power cuts and load shedding affect this industry adversely.
• This industry continues to use obsolete machinery. As a result, production of cotton is badly affected. Hence, machinery nee d to be upgraded in the weaving and processing sectors in particular.
• Low output of labour is also a major problem before the cotton textile industries in India.
• Stiff competition in the international market from the synthetic fibre industry also poses a big problem.

 

 

Question 12.
Name three agro-based and three mineral-based industries.

Answer:

• Agro-based industries: Cotton, woollen, jute, silk, textile, rubber, sugar, tea, coffee, edible oil (any three).
• Mineral-based industries: Iron and steel, cement, aluminium, machine tools, petrochemical (any three).

 

 

Question 13.
What is the importance of automobile industry? Where is this industry located in India?

Answer:

• Automobiles provide vehicle for quick transport of good services and passengers.
• Trucks, buses, cars, motor cycles, scooters, three-wheelers and multi-utility vehicles are manufactured in India at various centres.
• This industry provides employment to the people. This industry is located around Delhi, Gurgaon, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata, Lucknow, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bengaluru.

 

 

Question 14.
Which factors led to the healthy growth of the automobile industry in India?

Answer:
(i) This industry was delicensed in 1991. This means that no license is required for setting up any unit of manufacturing in any part of the country.

(ii) 100 percent foreign direct investment (FDI) is permissible. FDI brought in new technology and aligned the industry with global development.

(iii) After the liberalisation, the coming in of new and contemporary models stimulated the demand for vehicles in the market.

(iv) At present, there are 15 manufactures of passenger cars and multi-utility vehicles, 9 of commercial vehicles, 14 of the two and three-wheelers.

 

 

Question 15.
What are software technology parks? State any two points of significance of information technology in India.
Answer:
Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), is a society set up by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of India in 1991 with the objective of encouraging, promoting and boosting the software export from India. STPI maintains internal engineering resources to provide consulting, training and implementation services. Software technology parks of India have come up across 46 locations at different centres of India. However, the major industry concentration is at Bengaluru, Noida, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune.  IT industry is of great significance

• It is associated with employment generation. It is encouraging to know that 30 percent of the people employed in this sector are women.
• This industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last two or three years because of its fast growing Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) sector.

 

 

Question 16.
Analyse the role of the manufacturing sector in the economic development of India.

Answer:
The manufacturing sector covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing that we associate with industrial activity. The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.

Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular chiefly because of the following reasons-

(i) Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.

(ii) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and proverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.

(iii) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.

(iv) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of furnished goods of higher value are rich. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.