CBSE 10th Term-2 2022 : Social Science Important 2 Marks Questions with Solution

Check important very short answer-type questions to prepare for CBSE Class 10 Social Science Term 2 Exam 2022. The set of questions provided here is best to prepare the 2 marks questions from all chapters of Class 10 Social Science. These questions have been prepared by the examination experts. Students can easily read all questions in revise them to score maximum marks in their Social Science exam.

 

Chapter - Nationalism in India

Que 1. What was the Rowlatt Act?

Ans 1. Rowlatt Act was officially known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, 1919. It was passed in March 1919 by the Imperial Legislative Council. This act authorised the British government to arrest anybody suspected of terrorist activities. It also authorised the government to detain such people arrested for up to 2 years without trial. It empowered the police to search a place without a warrant.

Que 2. Why was the Khilafat movement started?

Ans 2. The Khilafat movement was launched by Muslims of British India led by Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali. The Khilafat movement was a protest against the sanctions placed on the caliph and the Ottoman Empire after the First World War by the Treaty of Sevres. The Khilafat movement is also known as the Indian Muslim movement and the Muslim population in India started the Khilafat movement.

Que 3. What was the main reason to withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement?

Ans 3. Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn by Gandhiji because of the Chauri Chaura incident where a peaceful procession turned violent and the police station was burnt down. Gandhi ji wanted people to follow non-violence. Some policemen were harmed at Gorakhpur so he called the movement to a stop.

Que 4. Explain the idea of Satyagraha according to Gandhiji.

Ans 4. The idea of Satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and need to search for truth. It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a Satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor.

Que 5. Explain any two facts about the new economic situation created in India by the First World War.

Ans 5. The First World War created a new economic situation in India. The facts were:

(i) It led to a huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by war loans and
increasing taxes.

(ii) Customs duties were raised and income tax was introduced.

Que 6. Explain the circumstances under which Gandhiji decided to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1931.

Ans 6. The government brutally repressed by attacking and arresting peaceful satyagrahis and beating women and children and Gandhiji wanted the Civil Disobedience Movement to be non-violent and peaceful. Since the movement turned violent, and many people were killed, Gandhiji called it off. 

Que 7. How had the First World War created a new economic situation in India? Explain with three examples.

Ans 7. The First World War created a new economic situation in India which are as:

(i) It led to a huge increase in defence expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes.

(ii) Customs duties were raised.

(iii) Income tax introduced.

Que 8. How was Rowlatt Act opposed by the people in India? Explain with examples.

Ans 8. The Rowlatt Act was opposed in the following manner.

(i) Rallies were organised in various cities.

(ii) Workers went on strikes in railway workshops.

(iii) Shops were closed down.

It was in opposition to the Rowlatt Act that the infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place. General Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on the innocent civilians who had gathered from the city of Amritsar and outside to attend a peaceful meeting.

Que 9. Explain any two problems faced by the peasants of Awadh.

Ans 9. (1) In Awadh, landholders and talukdars collected extremely high rents and taxes from peasants.

(2) The peasants had no guarantee of period of occupation in the landlords’ farms and they were often thrown out.

Chapter - Manufacturing Industries

Que 1. Agriculture’ and ‘industry’ are complementary to each other.” Explain

Ans 1. Agriculture and industry in India are inspirable or interdependent on each other.

(1) Agro-Industries in India have boosted agriculture by raising its productivity.

(2) Industries depend on agriculture for their raw materials, for example, the cotton textile industry.

(3) Industries provide many agricultural and inputs like irrigation pumps, fertilizers, insecticides, PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc. To the farmers.

(4) Manufacturing industries have assisted agriculturists to increase their production and also made the production process very efficient.

(5) Development of different modes of transport by industrial sector has not only helped farmers to obtain agricultural inputs but also helped them trade their products.

Que 2. Why is least cost known as decision making factor for an ideal location of an industry?

Ans 2. Least cost is the key factor that determines the location of an industry because industry tends to be located at a place where factors of production are either available or can be arranged at low cost.

Que 3. Write the basic inputs of Iron and Steel industry

Ans 3. The inputs for the iron and steel industry include raw materials such as iron ore, coal and limestone, along with labour, capital, site and other infrastructure. 

Que 4. What are agglomeration economies?

Ans 4. Agglomeration economies refers to the benefits received by the firms and people when they come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban cities that prove helpful to them.

For Example - Cities provide markets and also provide benefits such as banking, insurance, transport, labour, etc., to the industries. Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies.

Que 5. Why do our industries need to be more efficient and competitive in the present day of globalization?

Ans 5. Our industries need to be more efficient and competitive in the present day globalization because:

(1) Our manufactured goods must be at par in quality with those in the international market.

(2) Only then we will be able to compete in the international market.

(3) India will have to develop its industries if it wants to be internationally developed.

Chapter - Life Lines of National Economy

Que 1. Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development.’ Express your views in favour of this statement.

Ans 1.  Importance of efficient means of transport for the development is to be explained as:

1. Movement of goods and services from their supply locations to demand locations necessitates the need for transport.

2. The pace of a country depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their movement over space.

3. Therefore efficient means of transport and communication are prerequisites for fast development.

Que 2. How are the means of transport and communication complementary to each other? Explain with three examples.

Ans 2.  Means of transport and communication are complementary to each other in the following ways: 

1. Transport and communication provide basic infrastructure for each other to carry on their process. 

2. They create possibilities for investment to upgrade and expand their services. 

3. Communication has widened the horizons of trade far and wide. 

4. Transport had limited access earlier. With the advancement of science and technology the world has converted into a large village. Communication has widened the scope of transportation even in the remote areas.

Que 3. What is the significance of the border roads?

Ans 3.  1. Border Roads are extremely important. Border roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain in the Northeastern and Northern border areas. Border Roads have helped in the economic development of Northern and Northeastern border areas. People living in border areas will have more access to healthcare facilities, education, and many other facilities when border roads are developed. It will also help in developing the tourism sector. Most importantly border roads will help in maintaining the security of India. With Border roads, armed forces can move quickly to border areas and help protect its borders from external aggression.

Que 4. What is the difference between personal communication and mass communication?

Ans 4. Personal Communication:

1. It's the communication between person to person.

2. It provides necessary communication between two people making man a social animal.

3. We have letters, e-mails, SMSs, telephone and mobile phone facilities which also includes STD and ISD services.

Mass Communication:

1. It's the communication among masses.

2. It provides entertainment as well as creates awareness among the masses.

3. It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books, films, etc.

Que 5. What are the problems faced by Indian Railways?

Ans 5. The Indian railways faces the following problems:

1. Many passengers travel without tickets.

2. Thefts and damage of railway property has not yet stopped completely.

3. People stop the trains and pull the chain unnecessarily. This causes heavy damage to the railways.

Chapter - Political Parties

Que 1. Why political parties are a necessary condition for a democracy?

Ans 1.  1. Without political parties, democracies cannot exist. If we do not have political parties, every candidate will be independent.

2. No one will be able to make any promises to people about major policy changes.

3. The government may be formed but its utility will remain uncertain.

4. Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency for what they do in their locality but no one will be responsible for how the country will run.

5. As societies become large and complex, they also need some agencies to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government. 

Que 2. What you mean by partisan?

Ans 2. A person who is strongly committed to a party, group or faction. Partisanship is marked by a tendency to take a side and inability to take a balanced view on an issue.

Que 3. What are the two ways of carrying out political reforms in a democratic country?

Ans 3.  Two ways for carrying out political reforms in a democratic country are:

1. Regular revision of laws to ensure that the wrong political practices are not encouraged and people will get equal rights and justices in every condition. In a way by strengthening the major democratic practices in a democracy.

2. In a democratic country, Ideologies that are followed should not hamper the rights of common people and should encourage them to participate in democratic practices.

Que 4. Give the reason why a multiparty system has evolved in India.

Ans 4.  A multiparty system evolved in India because of the social and geographical diversity of the country. This diversity cannot be obsorbed by 2 or 3 parties alone.

Que 5. What do you understand by a ‘recognised party’?

Ans 5. A party that gets some privilege such as a unique symbol and other special facilities is called a ‘recognised party’ by the Election Commission.

Que 6. What is defection? 

Ans 6.  Defection implies changing party allegiance from the party on which a person got elected to a legislature to a different party.

Que 7. Why do MLAs and MPs commit defection?

Ans 7. The person who had incurred disqualification for defection does not deserve to MP or an MLA even a single day.

Que 8. Describe the Three Types of Party Systems.

Ans 8.  There are three types of party system. 

1. Single Party System: a system in which a single political party has the right to form the government. Single party existed in China, North Korea and Cuba.

2. Bi – Party System: In Bi -Party system the power is usually shared between two parties. Of the two parties one becomes the ruling party and the other becomes opposition, eg Bi-Party system can be seen in U.K, U.S.A

3. Multi – Party System: When the competition for power is among three or more parties, the system is known as multi party system. This type of party system is in existence in India, France, Sweden and Norway etc

Que 9. What is bi-party system?

Ans 9. Bi - party system is a party system where two major political parties dominate the government. One of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the majority or governing party while the other is the minority or opposition party.

Que 10. “No party system is ideal for all countries and in all situations.” Justify the statement .

Ans 10.  No party system is ideal for all countries and all situations : 

(a) Party system is not something, any country can choose. 

(b) It evolves over a long time depending on the nature of the society. 

(c) Its social and regional division, its history of policies and its system of elections. 

(d) Each country develops a party system that is conditioned by its special circumstances. 

(e) For example, if India has evolved a multi-party system, it is because the social and geographical diversity in such a large country is not easily absorbed by two or even three parties.

Chapter - Outcomes of Democracy

Que 1. List out any two merits of democracy.

Ans 1.  Merits of democracy:

1. A democratic government is a better government because it is a more accountable form of government.

2. Democracy improves the quality of Decision Making.

Que 2. Why is democracy unable to guarantee economic development?

Ans 2. Economic development depends on several factors: the country's population size, global situation, cooperation from other countries economic priorities adopted by the country. however, the difference in the rates of economic development between less developed countries with dictatorships and democracies is negligible. overall, we cannot say democracy is a guarantee of economic development. but we can expect democracy not to lag behind dictatorships in this respect.

Que 3. What are the common features of democracy in most of the countries of the world?

Ans 3. Common features of democracy are:

• Competitive elections

• Freedom of speech

• Freedom of the press

• Rule of law

• Civilian control of the military.

Que 4. When democracy is considered successful?

Ans 4. Democracy considered to be successful when :

The rulers elected by the people must take all major decisions and not the rich and powerful people.

The elections must offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change the rulers if they want to.

A choice and opportunity should be available to all the people based on political equality.

Que 5. Why is there an overwhelming support to democracy all over the world?

Ans 5. There is an overwhelming support to democracy all over the world because democracy ensures the fact that power does not get concentrated in the hand of a single person. Democracy ensures the fact that people have the power to influence the economic, social, political and cultural environment of the country through their elected representatives in the government bodies.

Que 6. ‘The fact that people are complaining is itself a testimony to the success of democracy’ Prove the statement by giving two valid reasons.

Ans 6.  (i) Democracy supports dignity and freedom of the citizens. Every man wants to get respect from fellow persons in the society. A lot of conflicts take place among human beings because some feel they are not treated with due respect. The passion for respect and freedom are the basis of democracy. 

(ii) Democracy in India has strengthened the claims of the disadvantaged and discriminated castes for equal status and equal opportunity. 

Chapter - Money and Credit

Que 1. State the role of Reserve Bank of India.

Ans 1. The role of Reserve bank of India can be described by the following points:

• It holds the top spot in India's banking hierarchy.

• It is in charge of issuing currency notes on behalf of the government.

• It acts as the banker and financial advisor to government.

• It supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans.

• It promotes financial inclusion by ensuring that banks give loans not just to profit-making businesses and traders but also to small cultivators, small scale industries, and small borrowers.

• It manages the foreign exchange.

• It is responsible for formulation of the country's monetary policy.

• It ensures that banks maintain a certain cash reserves at all times.

Que 2. Which are the modern forms of money?

Ans 2. In the modern monetary systems, there are three forms of money in actual use: (i) Metallic Money, (ii) Paper Money, and (iii) Credit Money.

The first two kinds of money are in the form of currency money and the last one is credit or bank money.

Metallic Money: Metallic money refers to coins made out of various metals like gold, silver, bronze, nickel, etc.

Paper Money: Paper money consists of currency notes issued by the State Treasury or the Central Bank of the country.

Credit Money: In modern economic societies, with the development of banking activity, along with paper money, another form of convertible money has developed in the form of credit money or bank money.

Que 3. How do the demand deposits share the essential features of money ?

Ans 3. Demand deposits share the essential features of money in following way :-

1. The facility of cheques against demand deposits makes it possible to directly settle payments without the use of cash.

2. Since demand deposits are accepted widely as a means of payment, along with currency, they constitute money in the modern economy.

Que 4. What is debt-trap ?

Ans 4. The debt trap is a situation where you are forced to over consume loans to repay your existing debts. Over time, you get stuck in a situation where the debt spirals out of control, exceeding your repayment capacity, making you fall into a debt trap.

Que 5. Which authority does supervise the functioning of formal sources of loans and how ?

Ans 5. (i) Reserve bank of India.

(ii) The RBI monitors that the banks actually maintain the cash balance. It also sees that the banks give loan too all rich as well as poor.

Que 6. What is meaning of Barter system? Why is double coincidence of wants is an essential feature of a Barter system ?

Ans 6. Double coincidence of wants is one of the feature of barter system which refers to a situation wherein what a person wishes to sell is exactly the same as that the other person wishes to buy. This is a concept in the barter system in which goods are exchanged directly without the use of money.

Que 7. Why is modern currency accepted as a medium of exchange without any use of its own ? Point out the reasons.

Ans 7. Modern currency is accepted as a medium of exchange without any use of its own because: 

(1) Modern currency is authorized by the government of a country. 

(2) In India, the Reserve Bank of India issues all currency notes on behalf of central Government. 

(3) No other individual or organization is allowed to issue currency. 

(4) The law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of payment that cannot be refused in settling transactions in India. 

(5) No individual in India can legally refuse a payment made in Rupees.

Que 8. Why should credit at reasonable rates from the banks and cooperatives be available for all ?

Ans 8. (i) Credit at reasonable interest rates should be available for all so that they may increase their income and help in the over all development of the country.

(ii) High interest rate do little to increase the income of the borrowers.

(iii) It is necessary that  the banks and cooperatives increases their lending particularly in the rural areas, so that the dependence of the people on informal sources of credit reduces.

(iv) In addition to this more credit should be given to the poor to get maximum benefit from the cheaper loans.

(v) This will help in increasing in their income as well as standard of living.

Que 9. Why is it necessary for the banks and cooperative societies to increase their lending facilities in rural areas?

Ans 9. Most loans from informal lenders carry a very high interest rate and do little to increase the income of the borrowers. Hence it is necessary that banks and cooperatives increase their lending particularly in the rural areas so that the dependence on informal sources of credit reduces. While formal sector loans need to expand it is also necessary that everyone receives these loans. At present it is the richer households who receive formal credit whereas the poor have to depend on the informal sources. So it is important that the formal credit is distributed more equally so that the poor can benefit from the cheaper loans.

Que 10. How do banks play an important role in the economy of India?

Ans 10. Banks play an important role in developing the economy of India by the following ways:

(1) Banks keep the money of the people in its safe custody.

(2) Banks give interest on the deposited money to the people.

(3) Banks mediate between those who have surplus money and those who are in need of money.

(4) Banks provide the loan to a large number of people at low-interest rate.

(5) Banks promote agricultural and industrial sector by providing loans.

(6) They also provide funds to different organizations. 

Chapter - Globalization and the Indian Economy

Que 1. What are Multi-National Corporations (MNCs)?

Ans 1.  A multinational corporation (MNC) is one that has business operations in two or more countries. These companies are often managed from, and have a central office in, their home country with offices worldwide. There are different types of multinational corporations based on their corporate structure. They often operate as a parent company with separate foreign subsidiaries.

MNCs can have a major impact on the economies of each country in which they operate. They create jobs and add money to the local tax base. Both at home and abroad, these companies often face critics, who perceive that the impact they have on these countries may do more harm than good.

Que 2. Explain ‘what is investment? Give a few examples of investment.

Ans 2. Investment is something which we invest for example the invest in u pi is SBI so that its investment that we save money for future profits that if anything happens to us or a family members in the future so that money or that thing will be very useful to us in that time.

Que 3. Why is ‘tax’ on imports known as a trade barrier?

Ans 3. A trade barrier is used by the governments to restrict the flow of goods and services into and out of the economy. A tax on imports is known as a trade barrier as it discourages foreign trade. For example, an import tax on watches increases their price in the economy. This will lead to lesser imports of the product.

Que 4. Give one characteristic feature of a ‘Special Economic Zone’?

Ans 4. Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are being set up to have world class facilities such as educational, electricity, water, transport, storage recreational etc. Features: Production units in SEZs are exempted from taxes for a period of five years initially.

Que 5. What do you understand by the term ‘Foreign Direct Investment’?

Ans 5. FDI is the investment of foreign capital in the economic and productive activities of a country by foreign companies or MNCs with the aim of expanding capacity and production to earn profits.

Que 6. Why had the Indian Government put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment after independence? State any one reason.

Ans 6. The Indian government after independence had put barriers to foreign trade and investment.

(1) This was done to protect the producers within the country from foreign competition.

(2) To protect the Indian economy from foreign infiltration in industries affecting the economic growth of the country as planned.

Que 7. Why do MNCs set up their offices and factories in those regions where they get cheap labour and other resources?

Ans 7. The cost of production is reduced considerably due to cheap labour and the MNCs earn great profits. So their factories are set up in those regions where they get cheap labour and other resources.

Que 8. Differentiate between investment and foreign investment.

Ans 8. 

Investment	Foreign investment
When the money is spent on the purchasing of assets such as land, machines, building etc is known as investment	When the money is invested by the MNCs into companies belonging to other countries is known foreign investments
This is done for the expansion of the business	This is done to get power on the companies that are from another country
The money flows within the country	The money flows outside the country

Que 9. What is meant by trade barrier?

Ans 9. Trade barriers are nothing but the type of measures which are introduced by government or public authorities to make imported goods or services less competitive than locally produced goods and services. Not everything that prevents or restricts trade can be charecterished as a trade barrier.